Semiotics
Golafrooz Mohebi; rouhollah saiiady; Amirhossein Rasoulnia; Abbas Eghbali
Abstract
Structural criticism is one of the analyses that flourished in the direction of meaning generation in the 20th century following Saussure's semiotics. "Roland Barthes" - a French semiotician and theorist - is among the critics of structuralism, the importance of his theories is in the pursuit of evolution ...
Read More
Structural criticism is one of the analyses that flourished in the direction of meaning generation in the 20th century following Saussure's semiotics. "Roland Barthes" - a French semiotician and theorist - is among the critics of structuralism, the importance of his theories is in the pursuit of evolution and semiotic adventure and the creation of a kind of intellectual vitality in analysis, modern criticism and the flow of structuralism. He has presented a code-based model for text analysis, beyond which, with the help of the context of the text, it is possible to analyse the structure of different texts, without the need for the presence of the author, and only with the help of the expressive language of the text. This meaning-making model, which recognizes ciphers as the voice of the text, consists of; There are hermeneutic or enigmatic codes, proiretic or active codes, meaningful or implicit codes, symbolic or confrontational codes, and cultural or referential codes. The main goal of this article is the application of Barth's analysis approach to the meaning analysis and interpretation of the written text (Lekol'' Amree Min Dahreh Ma Ta'awda) by Motanbi, which is based on descriptive-analytical method. The result of the research shows that Barth's cryptography model shows the presence of ciphers in different parts of the body of the text, which shows a kind of semantic dispersion at the level of the text, and it can also be applied to classical poems. Revealing hermeneutic codes the poem is for the introduction of Saif al-Dawlah. Action codes it also narrates his fighting as the main actor. Semantic ciphers and symbolic in pursuit of creating meaning for the two main and active characters of the text, Saif al-Dawlah and Mantabi, they have put two groups of good and evil in front of each other.
BahrAli Rezaei; Abbas Eghbali; Rouhollah Saiiady
Abstract
In role-oriented linguistics, the textual meaning of the texts is the product of the connection between the text and the situation in which it is produced. The essential function of this type of view in the Holy Quran is to reveal the hidden angles of meaning in it. This type of view is necessary to ...
Read More
In role-oriented linguistics, the textual meaning of the texts is the product of the connection between the text and the situation in which it is produced. The essential function of this type of view in the Holy Quran is to reveal the hidden angles of meaning in it. This type of view is necessary to prove the hypothesis that the context of the situation presented in the role-oriented system, through the precise determination of the meaning as a basic assumption in understanding, can directly affect the purpose of the verses of the Holy Quran. For example, the position of submission and hope in God in Surah Al-Kahf reveals the different aspects of recommendation from the individual, social and religious aspects. In this research, by taking the descriptive-analytical method by examining the verses of Surah Al-Kahf that mention request and hope in God, it has been tried to explain the relationship between the discourse, the position of these categories and the text, and the relationship between the three layers of the text. A situation (scope, nature, and style of speech) should be processed with the semantic layers of language (ideological, interpersonal, and textual). Among the obtained approaches is that. Compound starters (textual-structural) have the highest frequency in the subjunctive position, which shows the connection of conjunctions with the situation. Repetition in the situational context of submission and hope is manifested in several forms. Also, he observed the use of "rab" with the pronoun "na" and "y" in all three events, i.e. (the story of young men, the event of a challenge, and the story of the owners of the garden). The semantic element of this additional combination is the hope for God's mercy, in which the context of the situation plays an essential role in shaping.
Rohoullah Sayyadinejad; Shahram Amiri; Abdoulhossein Zokaei
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The pragmatism regards the literature as the most beautiful and effective kind of discourse. Indeed, literary pragmatism attempt to study literature in context using principles and strategies of linguistic pragmatism, because all of the usages of the language, meaning, ...
Read More
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The pragmatism regards the literature as the most beautiful and effective kind of discourse. Indeed, literary pragmatism attempt to study literature in context using principles and strategies of linguistic pragmatism, because all of the usages of the language, meaning, and message occur in context before the lingual condition. This school technically possessed extraordinary ability in finding persuasive mechanisms and dimensions of language, eloquence and logic in all literary texts, especially poems. Suffice it to say that the pragmatism school familiarizes audience with a variety of communication functions and explanatory and expressive mechanisms. From this point of view, persuasive instruments of the announcer not only exalt the beauty of a literary discourse, but also it will have double effect on emotions and feelings on the audience; this reveals the persuasive aspects of poetry in the school of pragmatism.
Theoretical Framework
In this work we have attempted to analyze the persuasive-lingual usages from the perspectives of pragmatism in Mutanabbi’s poetry. Indeed, Mutanabbi has utilized grammatical and phonetic techniques to persuade his audience, which are discussed in the following:
Grammatical techniques
Repetition, a persuasive-communicative usage that leads to emphasize the word in the mind of the audience (Alaskari, 1952), is noticeable. Mutanabbi has used pronoun repetition to show his exalted spirit and has used derivative verbs to set musical rhythms to offer his ideas. In Arabic, elimination also plays a major role in the dynamic of the text and the engagement of the audience. The poet also has used this utility to donate beauty to his work and also to strengthen the ability of interpretation as a rhetoric mechanism (Fazl, 1992). Furthermore, Mutanabbi used some techniques such as Exception as an argumental and logical structure and Presentation and Delay as an approach for highlighting and conveying secondary meanings.
Phonetic techniques
Mutanabbi has used two phonetic techniques in his poetry. The first is parallelism, which is used as a lingual factor in musical order. In this technique, he has used meters such as Tavil, Kamil, Basit and Vafir as they are more effective in terms and expressions (Al-atibi, 2007). The second technique he has used is called Tasri through which the poet prepares the audience’s mind so that the audience can guess the rime of second line via hearing the first line.
Method
The current research aims to adopt the method of analytical pragmatism to review lingual persuasion techniques in the poems of Mutanabbi. To this send, first the authors pay attention to the concepts of persuasion and pragmatism and also the relationship between them. Then, they comparatively discuss the grammatical and phonetic techniques of persuasion in Mutanabbi’s poems. In this sense, this research is novel and new.
Results and Discussion
Abu-Tayyeb Mutanabbi’s poems in the interaction or discourse field remain a wonderful mission in which the poet expresses his philosophical arguments and crucial evidences to emphasize fundamental purposes. With the knowledge of the effective lingual mechanisms and considering that Arabs have attention to verbal music, the poet has used syntactic and rhetorical means to persuade the audience. Such things promote lingual and philosophical aspects of pragmatism. For this reason, this poet is distinct from other poets of his era. Thus, today his wondrous techniques are significant and are considered as a comprehensive source of linguistic competence and persuasion.
Conclusion
Based on the overview of previous discussions, we conclude that the persuasion process in poetic discourse of Mutanabbi is rather a language-based mechanism. Mutanabbi’s influence on his audiences is a good evidence that he has a great persuasive-communicative skills. In fact, this ability has high frequency in Mutanabbi’s poetry. He has aimed to communicate what is not mentioned by elimination. So the transmission of his messages with few words is the manifestation of his magical works. He has used the repetition and exception styles for further explaination, emphasis, and consolidation; however, the musical and harmonic context includes lingual structures which represent the discourse. Mutanabbi also makes understanding the meaning easier for the audience and provokes emotions using homogeneity in his words of poems and adds music in verses as such.
As a result, Mutanabbi has taken advantage of two important elements (i.e. phonetics and syntax) in the eyes of his audience. In this way, he has been able to inspire his audience and convinced them with important parts of his poetry without using any logical reasoning; this has made him superior in many ways to his peers.
